 (1-39), rat Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C14H9BRN2O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 317.137462377548 |
| CAS # | 77465-10-2 |
| Related CAS # | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (1-39), rat TFA |
| PubChem CID | 24188570 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 5 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 4 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 10 |
| Complexity | 95.8 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | In contrast, ACTH inhibits the induction of glutamate (100 μM), NMDA (1 mM), AMPA (50 μM), and kainic acid (25) Excitotoxic neuronal death in neurons at doses of 100–400 nM. In every instance, 400 nM of ACTH offered sufficient defense. Neurons were protected from quinolinic acid (25 μM) by ACTH at 200 or 400 nM. Additionally, 2 μM H2O2, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), was unable to cause cell death. 400 nM ACTH proved to be substantially more protective than 200 nM. While ACTH does not protect against the gradual release of NOC-18, it does offer some protection against the quick release of nitric oxide (NO) from NOC-12. Neurons are shielded from the cytotoxic effects of staurosporine (10–20 nM), a well-known inducer of cell death via apoptosis, by ACTH (200 or 400 nM). Cell death is decreased by ACTH from 80% to 55%[1]. |
| ln Vivo | Icv injection of ACTH significantly reduced cumulative food consumption during the observation period compared with the saline/IgG group. The anorexic effects of ACTH are eliminated when ACTH Ab is injected into the PVN. Food intake was dramatically reduced cumulatively in rats receiving α-MSH Ab into the PVN and ACTH icv, and food intake was the same as in the group treated with ACTH icv and IgG into the PVN. When compared to animals treated with IgG, the cumulative food intake of PVNs considerably increased with injection of either α-MSH Ab or ACTH Ab; however, the administration of both antibodies together did not result in a further rise in food consumption [2]. |
| References |
[1]. Melanocortin receptor agonist ACTH 1-39 protects rat forebrain neurons from apoptotic, excitotoxic and inflammation-related damage. Exp Neurol. 2015 Nov;273:161-7. [2]. Endogenous ACTH, not only alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, reduces food intake mediated by hypothalamic mechanisms. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;298(2):E237-44. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1532 mL | 15.7659 mL | 31.5318 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6306 mL | 3.1532 mL | 6.3064 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3153 mL | 1.5766 mL | 3.1532 mL |