Adipokinetic hormone I (Locusta migratoria) (Lom-AKH-I) is an insect adipokinetic hormone (AKH) that increases fat body cAMP levels. AKHs control the direct mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids from fat body depots in locusts, which relies on AKHs receptors to couple cAMP formation and glycogen phosphorylase activation processes through stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (Gs) .

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C54H74N14O15
Molecular Weight	1159.25017213821
CAS #	61627-67-6
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
SMILES	C(N)(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC1C2=C(C=CC=C2)NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)N1
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The lack of link between Adipokinetic hormone I (Locusta migratoria) and one of the bigger protein components, as determined by radiolabeled (1 pmol in 10 μL of 10% methanol; 30 min on ice, then repeated for 2 h at 30 °C), suggests the absence of a carrier or carrying protein in the hemolymph[1]. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are recognized to play a role in insect immunity. They demonstrate the metabolic stimulation mechanism, which results in a notable rise in carbon dioxide generation and an improvement in the potency of toxins generated by I. fumosorosea within the cockroach's body[2]. When it comes to causing an accumulation of cAMP in the adipose tissue, adipokinetic hormone II is superior to hormone I[4].
ln Vivo	At 51 minutes during rest and 35 minutes during flight, respectively, adipokinetic hormone I (Locusta migratoria) (1 pmol in 10 μL of 10% methanol; injection) has a distinct half-life and contributes to the overall syndrome of insect flying[1].
References	[1]. Oudejans RC, et al. Locust adipokinetic hormones: carrier-independent transport and differential inactivation at physiological concentrations during rest and flight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 6;93(16):8654-9. [2]. Gautam UK, et al. Adipokinetic hormone promotes infection with entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Mar;229:108677. [3]. Vroemen SF, et al. Stimulation of glycogenolysis by three locust adipokinetic hormones involves Gs and cAMP. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995 Feb;107(2):165-71. [4]. Goldsworthy, et al. The relative potencies of two known locust adipokinetic hormones. 1986;32(1):95-101.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.8626 mL	4.3131 mL	8.6263 mL
	5 mM	0.1725 mL	0.8626 mL	1.7253 mL
	10 mM	0.0863 mL	0.4313 mL	0.8626 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.