ATWLPPR Peptide TFA is a selective neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) inhibitor that can inhibit the binding of VEGF165 to NRP-1 and can be used for angiogenesis research. ATWLPPR Peptide TFA reduces early retinal damage caused by diabetes.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C42H62F3N11O11
Molecular Weight	954.00
Related CAS #	ATWLPPR Peptide;272121-15-0
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Neuropilin-1[2]
ln Vitro	ATWLPPR Peptide TFA is a neuropilin-1 inhibitor that selectively blocks VEGF165 binding to NRP-1, with an 82% inhibition at 100 μM[1].
ln Vivo	ATWLPPR (400 μg/kg, sc) protects vascular integrity, lowers oxidative stress, and may lessen diabetes's early-onset retinal damage[2]. GFAP, VEGF, and ICAM-1 are three proteins linked to inflammation that ATWLPPR inhibits from rising in the retina[2].
References	[1]. Structure-function analysis of the antiangiogenic ATWLPPR peptide inhibiting VEGF(165) binding to neuropilin-1 and molecular dynamics simulations of the ATWLPPR/neuropilin-1 complex. Peptides. 2007 Dec;28(12):2397-402. [2]. The Neuropilin-1 Inhibitor, ATWLPPR Peptide, Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Retinal Injury by Preserving Vascular Integrity and Decreasing Oxidative Stress. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 10;10(11):e0142571.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O :~100 mg/mL (~104.82 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (104.82 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.0482 mL	5.2411 mL	10.4822 mL
	5 mM	0.2096 mL	1.0482 mL	2.0964 mL
	10 mM	0.1048 mL	0.5241 mL	1.0482 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.