APNEA (N6-[2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethyl]adenosine) is a potent, non-selective A3 adenosine receptor agonist (activator).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C18H22N6O4
Molecular Weight	386.40508
Exact Mass	386.17
CAS #	89705-21-5
PubChem CID	9952135
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.65g/cm3
Boiling Point	781.8ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	426.6ºC
Index of Refraction	1.775
LogP	0.328
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	9
Rotatable Bond Count	6
Heavy Atom Count	28
Complexity	509
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	N(C1=NC=NC2N([C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)C=NC1=2)CCC1C=CC(N)=CC=1
InChi Key	XTPOZVLRZZIEBW-SCFUHWHPSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C18H22N6O4/c19-11-3-1-10(2-4-11)5-6-20-16-13-17(22-8-21-16)24(9-23-13)18-15(27)14(26)12(7-25)28-18/h1-4,8-9,12,14-15,18,25-27H,5-7,19H2,(H,20,21,22)/t12-,14-,15-,18-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[6-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	APNEA (N6-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]adenosine) is a non-selective agonist of adenosine A3 receptors that greatly increases phenidate at a subprotective dose of 1 mg/kg. Bital, diphenylhydantoin, and valproic acid can withstand maximal shock but are ineffective at lesser levels. APNEA (0.0039-1 mg/kg) similarly increases carbamazepine's protective effect. Low dosages of APNEA are anticipated to increase the protective action of carbamazepine via subtype A adenosine receptors. At higher doses, APNEA appears to enhance the anticonvulsant activity of other antiepileptic medicines via the adenosine A1 receptor [1].
ln Vivo	In amygdala-ignited rats, APNEA (N6-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]adenosine; 2-4 mg/kg) exhibited no discernible influence on seizure parameters (seizure intensity, seizure duration, and post-discharge). Anti-epileptic medications were combined with N6-[2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethyl]adenosine at levels that did not work in animals that had fully developed epilepsy [1].
References	[1]. Borowicz KK, et al. N6-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl-adenosine enhances the anticonvulsive activity of antiepileptic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 May 30;327(2-3):125-133. [2]. Borowicz KK, et al. N(6)-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl-adenosine enhances the anticonvulsive action of conventional antiepileptic drugs in the kindling model of epilepsy in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000 Jul;10(4):237-243.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~646.98 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.47 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5879 mL	12.9396 mL	25.8792 mL
	5 mM	0.5176 mL	2.5879 mL	5.1758 mL
	10 mM	0.2588 mL	1.2940 mL	2.5879 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.