8-Azanebularine is a compound that replaces the C6 amino group with hydrogen and inhibits the ADAR2 reaction at high concentrations (IC50=15 mM). 8-Azanebularine is incorporated into the RNA structure recognized by human ADAR2 and binds with high affinity (KD=2 nM). 8-Azanebularine may be utilized to study ADAR-catalyzed RNA editing reactions.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H11N5O4
Molecular Weight	253.21
Exact Mass	253.081
CAS #	38874-46-3
PubChem CID	10106291
Appearance	White to yellow solid powder
LogP	-1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	8
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	18
Complexity	309
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	C1=C2C(=NC=N1)N(N=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O
InChi Key	XOUCEKYAMMLQRC-JXOAFFINSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c15-2-5-6(16)7(17)9(18-5)14-8-4(12-13-14)1-10-3-11-8/h1,3,5-7,9,15-17H,2H2/t5-,6-,7-,9-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)oxolane-3,4-diol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	ADAR2 reaction 15 mM (IC50) ADAR2 2 nM (Kd)
ln Vitro	8-Azanebularine-modified RNA duplexes (0-3 μM) prevent ADAR1 from editing certain RNA targets, such as 5-HT2C and NEIL1. [2].
References	[1]. A transition state analogue for an RNA-editing reaction. J Am Chem Soc. 2004;126(36):11213-11219. [2]. Selective Inhibition of ADAR1 Using 8-Azanebularine-Modified RNA Duplexes. Biochemistry. 2023 Apr 18;62(8):1376-1387.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 50 mg/mL (197.46 mM) H2O: 5 mg/mL (19.75 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.9493 mL	19.7465 mL	39.4929 mL
	5 mM	0.7899 mL	3.9493 mL	7.8986 mL
	10 mM	0.3949 mL	1.9746 mL	3.9493 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.