Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C10H13N5NA3O14P3 |
| Molecular Weight | 589.1259 |
| Exact Mass | 588.93649 |
| CAS # | 36051-31-7 |
| Related CAS # | Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt;56001-37-7;Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt hydrate;207300-85-4 |
| PubChem CID | 135398633 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as White to off-white solids at room temperature |
| Boiling Point | 1028.3ºC at 760mmHg |
| Flash Point | 575.7ºC |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 8 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 16 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 8 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 32 |
| Complexity | 927 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 4 |
| SMILES | P(=O)(O[H])(OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OC([H])([H])[C@]1([H])[C@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]([H])(N2C([H])=NC3C(=NC(N([H])[H])=NC2=3)[O-])O1)O[H])O[H].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] |
| InChi Key | KZRMTEVIDYXWQW-CYCLDIHTSA-K |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C10H16N5O14P3.3Na/c11-10-13-7-4(8(18)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(17)5(16)3(27-9)1-26-31(22,23)29-32(24,25)28-30(19,20)21;;;/h2-3,5-6,9,16-17H,1H2,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H2,19,20,21)(H3,11,13,14,18);;;/q;3*+1/p-3/t3-,5-,6-,9-;;;/m1.../s1 |
| Chemical Name | trisodium;[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate |
| Synonyms | 36051-31-7; Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt; GTP Trisodium salt; 5'-GTP trisodium salt; MFCD00077781; Guanosine 5'-triphosphate sodium salt hydrate; Guanosine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt; GTP, Trisodium Salt; |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite - Interaction with retinal G-protein transducin [2] - Interaction with Gi-proteins in HL-60 leukemia cell membranes [2] |
| ln Vitro |
The extracellular guanosine 5'-triphosphate, GTP, has been demonstrated to be an enhancer of myogenic cell differentiation in a murine cell line, not yet in human muscle cells. Our hypothesis was that GTP could influence also human skeletal muscle regeneration, specifically in the first phases. We tested GTP stimulus on human muscle precursor cells established in culture by human satellite cells derived from Vastus Lateralis of three young male. Our data show that extracellular GTP (a) up-regulated miRNA (specifically miR133a and miR133b) and myogenic regulator factor and (b) induces human myogenic precursor cells to release exosomes stuffed with guanosine based molecules (mainly guanosine) in the extracellular milieu. We think that probably these exosomes could be addressed to influence by means of their content (mainly guanosine) in paracrine or autocrine manner the surrounding cells and/or at distance other muscles or tissues[1]. - Extracellular 5'-GTP trisodium salt induced human muscle satellite cells to release exosomes stuffed with guanosine [1] - 5'-GTP trisodium salt had functionally nonequivalent interactions with retinal G-protein transducin compared to inosine 5'-triphosphate (ITP) and xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) [2] - 5'-GTP trisodium salt showed functionally nonequivalent interactions with Gi-proteins in HL-60 leukemia cell membranes compared to ITP and XTP [2] |
| Enzyme Assay |
- For G-protein interaction assays, membrane fractions containing transducin (from retinal tissue) or Gi-proteins (from HL-60 leukemia cells) were prepared. 5'-GTP trisodium salt was incubated with these membrane fractions to evaluate their interactions [2] |
| Cell Assay |
The MPCs were plated at a confluence of 15,000 cells/cm2 and maintained for 2 days in Growth Medium. After 2 days in GM, the cells were cultivated with fresh GM for additional 24 h (CTR-undiff) or stimulated by addition of 500 μM GTP for the following 24 h (GTP-undiff). Differentiation was induced by replacing the GM with the Differentiation Medium (DM) on cells plated on growth condition 3 days before. The differentiating cells were regularly cultivated for 24 h (CTR-diff) or stimulated by addition of 500 μM GTP for 24 h (GTP-diff)[1]. - Human muscle satellite cells were cultured, and extracellular 5'-GTP trisodium salt was added to the culture. The release of exosomes from the cells and the guanosine content in the exosomes were detected [1] - HL-60 leukemia cells were processed to obtain cell membranes. The membranes were incubated with 5'-GTP trisodium salt to assess the interaction between the drug and Gi-proteins [2] |
| References |
[1]. Extracellular Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Induces Human Muscle Satellite Cells to Release Exosomes Stuffed With Guanosine. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Mar 16;9:152. [2]. Functionally nonequivalent interactions of guanosine 5'-triphosphate, inosine 5'-triphosphate, and xanthosine 5'-triphosphate with the retinal G-protein, transducin, and with Gi-proteins in HL-60 leukemia cell membranes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Sep 1;54(5):551-62. |
| Additional Infomation |
GTP is a guanosine 5'-phosphate and a purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an uncoupling protein inhibitor. It is a conjugate acid of a GTP(3-). Guanosine triphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Guanosine-5'-triphosphate has been reported in Helianthus tuberosus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available. Guanosine Triphosphate is a purine nucleotide triphosphate comprised of a guanine and a triphosphate moiety bound to a ribose moiety at its 1' and 5' sites, respectively. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) can be utilized as a substrate for nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) synthesis, as an energy source for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis, and as a signaling molecule. GTP is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. - The induction of exosome release by extracellular 5'-GTP trisodium salt in human muscle satellite cells may be involved in guanosine transport or related biological processes [1] - The functionally nonequivalent interactions of 5'-GTP trisodium salt with transducin and Gi-proteins indicate that the binding specificity of nucleotides to G-proteins varies by nucleotide type [2] |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | H2O : ≥ 47 mg/mL (~79.78 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6974 mL | 8.4871 mL | 16.9742 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3395 mL | 1.6974 mL | 3.3948 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1697 mL | 0.8487 mL | 1.6974 mL |