1-Monopalmitin is a bitter melon extract that can inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C19H38O4
Molecular Weight	330.5026
Exact Mass	330.277
CAS #	542-44-9
PubChem CID	14900
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	0.969g/cm3
Boiling Point	451.3ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	75ºC
Flash Point	146.7ºC
LogP	4.364
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	18
Heavy Atom Count	23
Complexity	256
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	QHZLMUACJMDIAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C19H38O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-19(22)23-17-18(21)16-20/h18,20-21H,2-17H2,1H3
Chemical Name	2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

[1]. A bitter melon extract inhibits the P-glycoprotein activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells: monoglyceride as an active compound. Biofactors. 2004;22(1-4):71-4.

Additional Infomation

1-monopalmitoylglycerol is a 1-monoglyceride that has palmitoyl as the acyl group. A natural product found in Neolitsea daibuensis. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid. Glyceryl palmitate has been reported in Perilla frutescens, Trichosanthes tricuspidata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycerides, C16-22 (annotation moved to); Glyceryl Palmitate (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

Ethanol : ~50 mg/mL (~151.28 mM) DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~151.28 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.0257 mL	15.1286 mL	30.2572 mL
	5 mM	0.6051 mL	3.0257 mL	6.0514 mL
	10 mM	0.3026 mL	1.5129 mL	3.0257 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.