Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C8H10N4O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 210.19 |
| Exact Mass | 210.075 |
| CAS # | 5415-44-1 |
| Related CAS # | 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid-d9;117490-42-3 |
| PubChem CID | 79437 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Density | 1.6±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point | 476.7ºC at 760mmHg |
| Melting Point | ≥300ºC |
| Flash Point | 242.1ºC |
| Index of Refraction | 1.661 |
| LogP | 0.06 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 15 |
| Complexity | 414 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| InChi Key | BYXCFUMGEBZDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C8H10N4O3/c1-10-4-5(9-7(10)14)11(2)8(15)12(3)6(4)13/h1-3H3,(H,9,14) |
| Chemical Name | 7,9-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione |
| Synonyms | 1-3-7-Trimethyluric acid 1 3 7 Trimethyluric acid1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid BA2753 BA 2753 BA-2753NSC 11259 NSC11259 NSC 95858 NSC-95858 NSC-11259NSC95858 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a known human metabolite of caffeine. |
| References |
[1]. Isotopic effects on retention times of caffeine and its metabolites 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Jan 24;688(2):245-54. [2]. Identification of the caffeine to trimethyluric acid ratio as a dietary biomarker to characterise variability in cytochrome P450 3A activity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Sep;75(9):1211-1218. |
| Additional Infomation |
1,3,7-trimethyluric acid is an oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8, and the nitrogens at positions 1, 3, and 7 are substituted by methyl groups. It is a metabolite of caffeine. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,3,7-trimethylurate. 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid has been reported in Daphnia pulex and Cunila with data available. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7576 mL | 23.7880 mL | 47.5760 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9515 mL | 4.7576 mL | 9.5152 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4758 mL | 2.3788 mL | 4.7576 mL |