1,2,4-Triazole is a biochemical compound that may be utilized as a biomaterial or organic/chemical reagent for biomedical research.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C2H3N3
Molecular Weight	69.07
Exact Mass	69.032
CAS #	288-88-0
Related CAS #	1,2,4-Triazole sodium;41253-21-8;1,2,4-Triazole-13C2,15N3;1261170-82-4;1,2,4-Triazole-d3;43088-92-2
PubChem CID	9257
Appearance	Needles from benzene/ethanol
Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	260.0±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	119-121 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	139.1±11.7 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.535
LogP	-0.58
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	5
Complexity	28.1
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	N1([H])C([H])=NC([H])=N1
InChi Key	NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C2H3N3/c1-3-2-5-4-1/h1-2H,(H,3,4,5)
Chemical Name	1H-1,2,4-triazole
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	protein digestion by enzymes. utilized to create media for microbial cultivation. Peptone has been dried at a minimum temperature of 140°C and heated to at least 80°C for one hour, with a minimum of 30 minutes at 105°C. Keep in a dry, cold environment.
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion After a single oral administration of 1 mg/kg bw (test substance (14)C-labeled) to male rats (strain not given), approx 100% of the (14)C activity was absorbed from the digestive tract. 8 hr after a single iv administration of 1 mg/kg bw (test substance (14)C-labeled) to male rats (strain not given), approx 50% of the applied radioactivity was detectable in the body of the animals (gastrointestinal tract not considered). 3 days after the application approx 1.5% of the applied activity could be found, and after 6 days the (14)C-activity was no longer measurable (detection limit 0.3%). Following a single oral or iv administration of 1 mg/kg bw (test substance (14)C-labeled) to male rats (strain not given), approx. 0.1% of the (14)C-activity was exhaled within 30 hr. 1H-1,2,4-Triazole (14)C-labeled was administered to male rats orally (dose: 1 mg/kg bw) or iv (doses: 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/kg bw). Within 48 hr after the single application 92-94% of the (14)C-activity was excreted with the urine and 3-5% with the feces, regardless whether the substance was applied orally or iv. For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 1H-1,2,4-Triazole (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	Non-Human Toxicity Values LD50 Rat oral 1750 mg/kg LD50 Rat oral 1650 mg/kg bw LD50 Rat male dermal 4200 mg/kg bw LD50 Rat female dermal 3129 mg/kg bw LD50 Mouse oral 1350 mg/kg
Additional Infomation	1H-1,2,4-triazole is a 1,2,4-triazole. It is a tautomer of a 3H-1,2,4-triazole and a 4H-1,2,4-triazole.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	14.4781 mL	72.3903 mL	144.7807 mL
	5 mM	2.8956 mL	14.4781 mL	28.9561 mL
	10 mM	1.4478 mL	7.2390 mL	14.4781 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.