(+)-sparteine (sulfate pentahydrate) is a ganglionic blocker. (+)-sparteine (sulfate pentahydrate) competitively blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neurons.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H38N2O9S
Molecular Weight	422.54
Related CAS #	(+)-Sparteine;492-08-0
Appearance	Off-white to brown solid powder
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	nAChR[1]
ln Vitro	At membrane potentials of -50 mV to +30 mV, (+)-Sparteine(2 μM) (sulfate pentahydrate) decreases the ACh-induced current brought on by the activation of nicotinic ACh receptors (AChRs) in a voltage-independent manner; however, at higher negative membrane potentials, its blocking action increases.The amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and the time constant of the EPSC decay are decreased by (+)-sparteine (5 μM and 10 μM) (sulfate pentahydrate)[1].
References	[1]. Effect of (+)-sparteine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the neurons of rat superior cervical ganglion.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO :~33.33 mg/mL (~78.88 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.3666 mL	11.8332 mL	23.6664 mL
	5 mM	0.4733 mL	2.3666 mL	4.7333 mL
	10 mM	0.2367 mL	1.1833 mL	2.3666 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.