(R)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid is the inactive isomer of 2-Hydroxybutyric acid and could be utilized as a control compound in experiments. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-Hydroxybutyric acid) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, and 2-oxobutyric acid is an intermediate metabolite.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C4H8O3
Molecular Weight	104.10
Exact Mass	104.047
CAS #	20016-85-7
Related CAS #	2-Hydroxybutyric acid;600-15-7;Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate;5094-24-6;(S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid;3347-90-8
PubChem CID	449265
Appearance	Solid powder
Density	1.195g/cm3
Boiling Point	238.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	50-54ºC
Flash Point	112.2ºC
Vapour Pressure	0.00759mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.455
LogP	0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	7
Complexity	69.3
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	CC[C@H](C(=O)O)O
InChi Key	AFENDNXGAFYKQO-GSVOUGTGSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h3,5H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/t3-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(2R)-2-hydroxybutanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. The formation of 2-hydroxybutyric acid in experimental animals. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Jan 6;58(1):23-32.
Additional Infomation	(R)-2-hydroxybutyric acid is an optically active form of 2-hydroxybutyric acid having (R)-configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-2-hydroxybutyric acid.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 250 mg/mL (2401.54 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (19.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (19.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (19.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	9.6061 mL	48.0307 mL	96.0615 mL
	5 mM	1.9212 mL	9.6061 mL	19.2123 mL
	10 mM	0.9606 mL	4.8031 mL	9.6061 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.