| Description | Visomitin (SKQ1) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that decreases transmembrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
| In vitro | Direct treatment of tumor infiltrating leukocytes with Visomitin (SkQ1) does not influence their cytotoxicity against Panc02 cells. Visomitin reduces heavily the proliferation of human PDAC cells at 500 nM concentration while not affecting the viability of the cell lines. |
| In vivo | Regarding systemic angiogenic factors, a decrease in KC was observed in the serum of Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) bearing mice in the group of continuous treatment with Visomitin (SkQ1). Treatment of the mice with Visomitin increases the level of VEGF molecules. The amount of MIP1a and prolactin is reduced in all Visomitin treatment groups or after the follow-up treatment, respectively. Also, an increase in the IL-6 and IL-13 amount is found in the Visomitin treated groups. TGF-b amount is decreased in the pretreatment setting. On the contrary, all schemes of the Visomitin treatment decrease the NKT cell percentage. The Visomitin treatment has prolonged the median survival of PDAC-bearing mice, but the difference does not reach the level of significance defined. |
| Cell experiments | Panc02 cells are treated 48 h with different concentrations of Visomitin (SkQ1). Cell viability after Visomitin treatment is measured with an EZ4U Kit as described by the manufacturers. Brie?y, 20,000 cells per well are seeded in 96-wellplates and let grow overnight. Afterwards, cells are treated without the medium exchange. A substrate compound from the kit is added and the cells are further incubated for 5 hr at 37°C to convert the yellow colored tetrazolium to its red formazan derivate by living cells. The absorbance is measured at 450 nm |
| Animal experiments | Female C57BL/6 mice are used in this study. For experiments on both acute and chronic pancreatitis, mice are divided in three groups. Group A (acute pancreatitis (AP) n=8; chronic pancreatitis (CP) n=12) is treated with 5?nmol/kg Visomitin (SkQ1), group B (AP n=8; CP n=12) is the untreated control, and group C (AP n=8; CP n=7) is the sham group, which is injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% NaCl instead of cerulein and is therefore the negative control group without pancreatitis. For experiments on acute pancreatitis, mice are pretreated with Visomitin for 8 weeks prior to induction of pancreatitis. Mice designated for experiments on chronic pancreatitis receive Visomitin at the same concentration for 8 weeks in parallel with induction of pancreatitis |
| Synonyms | SKQ1 |
| molecular weight | 617.61 |
| Molecular formula | C36H42BrO2P |
| CAS | 934826-68-3 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year |
| Solubility | DMSO: 55 mg/mL (89.05 mM) |
| References | 1. Samuilov VD, et al. Effect of Cationic Plastoquinone SkQ1 on Electron Transfer Reactions in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria from Pea Seedlings. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2015 Apr;80(4):417-23 2. Iomdina EN, et al. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 reverses glaucomatous lesions in rabbits. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2015 Jan 1;20:892-901 3. Manskikh VN, et al. Effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 on development of spontaneous tumors in BALB/c mice. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2014 Oct;79(10):1136-9. |
| Citations | 1. Wang X H, Song T Z, Zheng H Y, et al. Jejunal epithelial barrier disruption triggered by reactive oxygen species in early SIV infected rhesus macaques. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2021 2. Li Y H, Wang X H, Huang W W, et al.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus induces platelet activation and apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway.Redox Biology.2023: 102837. 3. Dong W, Wang G, Bai Y, et al.Repurposing an Antioxidant to Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Targeting the 50S Subunit of the Ribosome.Biomolecules.2023, 13(12): 1793. |