| Description | Niacinamide is an important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. |
| In vitro | Nicotinamide strongly inhibits yeast silencing, increases rDNA recombination, and shortens replicative life span to that of a sir2 mutant. Nicotinamide abolishes silencing and leads to an eventual delocalization of Sir2 even in G(1)-arrested cells, demonstrating that silent heterochromatin requires continual Sir2 activity. [1] Nicotinamide results in a twofold increase in DNA content and a threefold increase in insulin content in the fetal cells. Nicotinamide induces differentiation and maturation of human fetal pancreatic islet cells. [2] Nicotinamide regulates sirtuins by switching between deacetylation and base exchange. Nicotinamide switching is quantitated for the Sir2s from Archeaglobus fulgidus (Sir2Af2), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sir2p), and mouse (Sir2alpha). [3] Nicotinamide selectively reduces a specific phospho-species of tau (Thr231) that is associated with microtubule depolymerization in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice, in a manner similar to inhibition of SirT1. Nicotinamide also dramatically increases acetylated alpha-tubulin, a primary substrate of SirT2, and MAP2c in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice, both of which are linked to increased microtubule stability. [4] Nicotinamide fosters DNA integrity and maintains phosphatidylserine membrane asymmetry to prevent cellular inflammation, cellular phagocytosis and vascular thrombosis. Nicotinamide both prevents and reverses neuronal and vascular cell injury. [5] |
| In vivo | Normal and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced adult male diabetic rats receive quercetin (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw) orally, which results in a significant decrease in FBG and cardiac injury marker levels with increased insulin levels[6]. Nicotinamide improves maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and glomerular endotheliosis in RUPP mice. Moreover, nicotinamide prolongs pregnancies, and improves survival and growth of the embryos in RUPP PE mice[7]. |
| Synonyms | Nicotinic acid amide, Vitamin B3, Niacinamide, 烟酰胺, Vitamin PP |
| molecular weight | 122.12 |
| Molecular formula | C6H6N2O |
| CAS | 98-92-0 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year |
| Solubility | DMSO: 23 mg/mL (188.3 mM) Ethanol: 23 mg/mL (188.3 mM) H2O: 22 mg/mL (180.2 mM) |
| References | 1. Bitterman KJ, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277(47), 45099-45107. 2. Otonkoski T, et al. J Clin Invest, 1993, 92(3), 1459-1466. 3. Sauve AA, et al. Biochemistry, 2003, 42(31), 9249-9256. 4. Green KN, et al. J Neurosci, 2008, 28(45), 11500-11510. 5. Maiese K, et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2003, 24(5), 228-232. 6. Roslan J, et al. Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced adult male diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Dec 24;86:570-582 7. Fushima T, et al. Nicotinamide ameliorates a preeclampsia-like condition in mice with reduced uterine perfusion pressure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Dec 7:ajprenal.00501.2016 8. Gao P, Li N, Ji K, et al. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage[J]. The FASEB Journal. 2019 Apr 2:fj201802474RR. |
| Citations | 1. Zhao S, Hong Y, Liang Y, et al. Compartmentalized regulation of NAD+ by Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate induces DNA damage in placental trophoblast. Redox biology. 2022, 55: 102414. 2. Fossa P, Uggeri M, Orro A, et al. Virtual Drug Repositioning as a Tool to Identify Natural Small Molecules That Synergize with Lumacaftor in F508del-CFTR Binding and Rescuing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022, 23(20): 12274. 3. Gao P, Li N, Ji K, et al. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage. The FASEB Journal. 2019 Apr 2:fj201802474RR. 4. Zhang S W, Chen W, Lu X, et al. An efficient and user‐friendly method for cytohistological analysis of organoids. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2021 |