| Description | DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a stable nitrogen-centered radical that can be used to measure the free radical scavenging activity of antioxidants. DPPH has a single electron, so it can accept either an electron or a hydrogen ion, and has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 517 nm. |
| In vitro | 方法: PNT2 细胞用 DPPH (156-5000 µM) 处理 24 h，通过 MTT assay 检测细胞活力。结果: 625 µM 和较低浓度的 DPPH 对细胞没有明显的细胞毒性作用。相反，在 1250、2500 和 5000 µM 下，DPPH 以剂量依赖的方式诱导活细胞减少，分别为 56%、23% 和 15%。DPPH 的 IC50 为 1400 µM。[1]方法: DPPH 检测化合物的抗氧化能力：1、制备了 75 µM的 DPPH 甲醇溶液。样品在 1-10 µM 的三种不同终浓度下稀释和分析。2、将 50 µL 体积的每种样品溶液加入 0.95 0mL DPPH溶液中，置于黑暗中。3、30 min 后，在 λ=517nm 处测量样品的吸光度。4、绘制 DPPH 抑制百分比与抗氧化剂浓度的关系图，计算出 IC50 值，和作为 IC50 倒数的抗自由基活性 (ARA)。[2] |
| In vivo | 方法: 为研究肝毒性作用，将 DPPH (100 mg/kg) 腹腔注射给 ICR 小鼠诱导急性肝损伤，治疗后 12、24、48 和 72 h，处死小鼠以获取血清和肝脏。结果: DPPH 可提高转氨酶活性、MDA 和 NO 水平，同时显著降低 GSH 水平和 SOD、CAT 和 GPx 活性。DPPH 处理的小鼠肝脏显示出明显的组织病理学变化，其特征是肝细胞肿胀和空泡变性。DPPH 治疗组促炎细胞因子的 mRNA 水平升高。上述结果表明，DPPH可诱导小鼠急性肝毒性。[3] |
| Synonyms | 2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
| molecular weight | 394.32 |
| Molecular formula | C18H12N5O6 |
| CAS | 1898-66-4 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice. |
| Solubility | DMSO: 24 mg/mL (60.86 mM), Sonication is recommended. |
| References | 1. Galasso C, et al. New In Vitro Model of Oxidative Stress: Human Prostate Cells Injured with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for the Screening of Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 18;21(22):8707. 2. Bernini R, et al. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Lipophilic Phenethyl Trifluoroacetate Esters by In Vitro ABTS, DPPH and in Cell-Culture DCF Assays. Molecules. 2018 Jan 19;23(1):208. 3. Zhang Z, et al. Acute Liver Toxicity Induced by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) in ICR Mice. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2008 Jan;18(8):615-22. |
| Citations | 1. Qin Z, Zou Y, Zhang Y, et al. Electrospun pullulan nanofiber loading zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for active packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022 2. Jia F, Yu B, Li J, et al.Supramolecular Nano‐assembly of Caffeate‐Strengthened Phenylboronic Ester with Multi‐step Ros Scavenging Ability for Targeted Therapy of Acute Kidney Injury.Advanced Healthcare Materials.2301615 |