| Description | Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antimicrobial activity by altering the permeability of cell membranes and selectively inhibiting ribonucleic acid synthesis. Vancomycin can be used for the treatment of serious infections for which all antibiotics have failed. |
| In vitro | 方法：B. burgdorferi 用 Vancomycin (0.5-2.0 µg/mL) 处理 24 h，使用实时延时显微镜检测细胞形态。结果：在较高浓度的 Vancomycin (≥1.0 µg/mL) 下，观察到许多异常细胞，通过起泡、颗粒形成和形态学改变进行视觉识别。这些异常细菌在种群中的比例以剂量依赖的方式增加。[1]方法：人骨肉瘤细胞 MG-63 用 Vancomycin (10-10000 µg/mL) 处理 24-72 h，使用 Elzone Celi Counter 检测细胞数。结果：1000 µg/mL 及以下的 Vancomycin 局部水平对成骨细胞复制几乎没有影响，10000 µg/mL的浓度会导致细胞死亡。[2] |
| In vivo | 方法：为检测肾毒性，将 Vancomycin (400 mg/kg) 和 Vitamin C (200 mg/kg) 腹腔注射给 C57BL/6J 小鼠，每天一次，持续七天。结果：Vancomycin 组的肾脏指数、肾损伤评分、细胞凋亡、血清 Cr 和 BUN，以及肾脏 Cr、BUN、MDA、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 和 NF-κB 均高于对照组，而体重和肾脏 SOD 活性较低。相反，对照组和 Vitamin C 组在所有这些指标上没有观察到差异。[3]方法：为耗尽小鼠的肠道微生物群，将抗生素 (ABX) Vancomycin (0.5 g/L)、Ampicillin (1 g/L)、 Neomycin sulfate (1 g/L) 和 metronidazole (1 g/L) 饮水给药给小鼠，持续两周。结果：抗生素明显降低了肠道微生物群的多样性和组成。[4] |
| molecular weight | 1449.25 |
| Molecular formula | C66H75Cl2N9O24 |
| CAS | 1404-90-6 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year |
| Solubility | DMSO: Slightly soluble |
| References | 1. Harman MW, et al. Vancomycin Reduces Cell Wall Stiffness and Slows Swim Speed of the Lyme Disease Bacterium. Biophys J. 2017 Feb 28;112(4):746-754. 2. Edin ML, et al. Effect of cefazolin and vancomycin on osteoblasts in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Dec;(333):245-51. 3. He J, et al. Vitamin C reduces vancomycin-related nephrotoxicity through the inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in mice. Ann Transl Med. 2021 Aug;9(16):1319. 4. Li F, et al. The intestinal microbial metabolite nicotinamide n-oxide prevents herpes simplex encephalitis via activating mitophagy in microglia. Gut Microbes. 2022 Jan-Dec;14(1):2096989. |