| Description | Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside with a variety of biological activities including neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activity. Geniposide has been shown to regulate Nrf2 translocation. |
| In vitro | Geniposide exhibits a variety of activities like antithrombosis, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-atherosclerosis, antidepression, healing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), anti-hypertension, toxicology, and untoward reaction are summarized[1]. Geniposide markedly declines the production of IL-8, IL-1β and MCP-1 in OGD-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells, the expression of P2Y14 receptor is significantly down-regulated, the phosphorylation of RAF-1, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 are suppressed[2]. |
| In vivo | Geniposide (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly decreases the blood glucose, insulin and TG levels in diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner. This compound also decreases the expression of GP and G6Pase at mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels and enzyme activity[3]. Geniposide (20.0, 40.0, or 80 mg/kg) significantly reverses the excessive, alcohol-induced elevation in both serum ALT/AST and hepatic LPO levels. Geniposide upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to attenuate the cell apoptosis induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) in primary cultured hippocampal neurons[4]. Geniposide inhibits photochemistry-induced thromboembolism model in vivo. Geniposide are extremely effective depressants on NF-κB by interrupting IκB degradation[1]. |
| Cell experiments | The third passages of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are used for the experiment. The BMECs are divided into four groups: (1)normal control group: the normal cultured BMECs without treatment; (2)OGD group: the BMECs injured by OGD according to the above method; (3) geniposide group: the OGD-injured BMECs treated with 33.2 μg/mL geniposide for 6 h; (4)PTX group: the OGD-injured BMECs administrated with 100 ng/mL PTX. PTX, known as an inhibitor of Gi-coupled receptor is used to assess the activation of P2Y14 receptor induced by OGD in this experiment[2]. |
| Synonyms | 栀子苷, 京尼平甙 |
| molecular weight | 388.37 |
| Molecular formula | C17H24O10 |
| CAS | 24512-63-8 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year |
| Solubility | DMSO: 50 mg/mL (128.74 mM) |
| References | 1. Liu H, et al. Fructus Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) phytochemistry, pharmacology ofcardiovascular, and safety with the perspective of new drugs development. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2013;15(1):94-110. 2. Li F, et al. Geniposide attenuates inflammatory response by suppressing P2Y14 receptor and downstream ERK1/2 signaling pathway in oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jun 5;185:77-86. 3. Wu SY, et al. Effect of geniposide, a hypoglycemic glucoside, on hepatic regulating enzymes in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009 Feb;30(2):202-8. 4. Wang J, et al. Geniposide protects against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice via up-regulating the expression of the main antioxidant enzymes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Apr;93(4):261-7. |