| Description | Gallic acid (Benzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenol, which can inhibit the free radical scavenging effect of COX-2. Gallic acid has a wide range of physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and antibacterial. |
| In vitro | 方法：宫颈癌症细胞 HeLa 和 HTB-35 用 Gallic acid (10-40 µg/mL) 处理 24 h，使用 MTT assay 和 SRB assay 检测细胞活力。结果：用 Gallic acid 处理 24 h 后，HeLa 和 HTB-3 5宫颈癌症细胞的细胞活力显著降低。[1]方法：人肺癌细胞 NCI-H460 用 Gallic acid (50-200 µM) 处理 48 h，使用 Flow cytometry 检测细胞周期。结果：Gallic acid 会导致细胞周期停滞在 G2-M 期。亚 G1 百分比的增加表明凋亡细胞的百分比增加。[2] |
| In vivo | 方法：为检测体内抗肿瘤活性，将 Gallic acid (20 mg/kg) 腹腔注射给携带人肺癌肿瘤 NCI-H460 的 BALB/c nude 小鼠，每四天一次，持续 34 天。结果：Gallic acid 抑制异种移植小鼠模型中的肿瘤大小。Gallic acid 能显著诱导异种移植小鼠肿瘤上的 caspase-3、-8 和 -9 活性。[2] |
| Cell experiments | Cell viability is measured using the MTT assay. PC12 cells are incubated at 37?C with Water2 or gallic acid at different concentrations for 24 h with or without pretreatment with resveratrol. They are then treated with the MTT solution (final concentration, 1 mg/mL) for 2 h. The dark-blue formazan crystals that formed in intact cells are dissolved in DMSO, and the absorbance at 570 nm is measured using a micro-ELISA reader.(Only for Reference) |
| Synonyms | 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, Gallate, 没食子酸, Benzoic acid |
| molecular weight | 170.12 |
| Molecular formula | C7H6O5 |
| CAS | 149-91-7 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year |
| Solubility | H2O: 7 mg/mL (41.15 mM) Ethanol: 32 mg/mL (188.1 mM) DMSO: 50 mg/mL (293.91 mM) |
| References | 1. Zhao B, et al. Gallic acid reduces cell viability, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in human cervical cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 2013 Dec;6(6):1749-1755. 2. Ji BC, et al. Gallic acid induces apoptosis via caspase-3 and mitochondrion-dependent pathways in vitro and suppresses lung xenograft tumor growth in vivo. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Aug 26;57(16):7596-604. 3. Hwang Y H, Jang S A, Kim T, et al. Anti-osteoporotic and Anti-adipogenic Effects of Rhus chinensis Nutgalls in Ovariectomized Mice Fed with a High-fat Diet[J]. Planta medica. 2019. 4. Lin Y, Luo T, Weng A, et al. Gallic Acid Alleviates Gouty Arthritis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis Through Enhancing Nrf2 Signaling[J]. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020, 11: 3197. 5. Zhang M, Liu D, Zhang Y Q. Rapid analysis of the bioactive components in Saxifraga stolonifera, an edible and medicinal herb with anti-tumor effects, by HPLC-DAD, ESI/MSn[J]. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY. 2019, 92: 123-129. 6. Dong Q, Li Y, Liu G, et al. High oxygen treatments enhance the contents of phenolic compound and ganoderic acid, antioxidant and DNA damage protective activities of Ganoderma lingzhi fruiting body[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019, 10: 2363. |