| Description | Amygdalin (Laetrile) has antifibrotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of Amygdalin or HSYA. Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax. |
| In vitro | Amygdalin has antitumor activity. Some progress had been achieved on the antitumor mechanism of amygdalin[1]. Amygdalin downregulates especially genes belonging to cell cycle category: exonuclease 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family F, member 2, MRE11 meiotic recombination 11 homolog A, topoisomerase (DNA) I, and FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin-associated protein 1. RT-PCR analysis reveals that mRNA levels of these genes are also decreased by amygdalin treatment in SNU-C4 human colon cancer cells[2]. |
| In vivo | Amygdalin is effective at alleviating inflammatory pain and that it can be used as an analgesic with anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. The intramuscular injection of amygdalin significantly reduced the formalin-induced tonic pain in both early (the initial 10 min after formalin injection) and late phases (10-30 min following the initial formalin injection). Amygdalin reduces formalin-induced pain in a dose-dependent manner in a dose range of less than 1 mg/kg during the late period[3]. |
| Cell experiments | Cell viability is determined by MTT assay. Cells are seeded in triplicate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well on a 96-well plate. SNU-C4 cells are treated with amygdalin at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL for 24 h. After MTT is added to each group, the cells are incubated for 4 h. Then, they are further incubated for 1 h, including the solution in which MTT is dissolved[2]. |
| Synonyms | 苦杏仁苷, Laetrile |
| molecular weight | 457.43 |
| Molecular formula | C20H27NO11 |
| CAS | 29883-15-6 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year |
| Solubility | DMSO: 60 mg/mL (131.17 mM) H2O: 45.74mg/mL(100mM), Sonication is recommended. Ethanol: < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble) |
| References | 1. Song Z, et al. Advanced research on anti-tumor effects of amygdalin. J Cancer Res Ther. 2014 Aug;10 Suppl 1:3-7. 2. Park HJ,et al. Amygdalin inhibits genes related to cell cycle in SNU-C4 human colon cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep 7;11(33):5156-61. 3. Hwang HJ,et al. Antinociceptive effect of amygdalin isolated from Prunus armeniaca on formalin-induced pain in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Aug;31(8):1559-64. |