| Bioactivity | Semapimod tetrahydrochloride (CNI-1493), an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production, can inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Semapimod tetrahydrochloride inhibits TLR4 signaling (IC50≈0.3 μM). Semapimod tetrahydrochloride inhibits p38 MAPK and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Semapimod tetrahydrochloride has potential in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders[1][2][3]. |
| Invitro | Semapimod tetrahydrochloride leads to a significant decrease of p38-MAPK phosphorylation in macrophages, proinflammatory gene expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and neutrophil infiltration. Semapimod tetrahydrochloride completely abrogated nitric oxide production within the tunica muscularis[2].Semapimod tetrahydrochloride desensitizes TLR signaling via its effect on the TLR chaperone gp96. Semapimod tetrahydrochloride inhibits ATP-binding and ATPase activities of gp96 in vitro (IC50≈0.2-0.4 μM). Semapimod tetrahydrochloride desensitizes TLR signaling via its effect on the TLR chaperone gp96[3]. |
| In Vivo | Semapimod tetrahydrochloride (5 mg/kg; i.p; daily for 2 weeks) ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in Obese Zucker (OZ) rats[1].Semapimod tetrahydrochloride restores AM-induced akt phosphorylation and cGMP production in OZ rats[1]. Animal Model: |
| Name | Semapimod tetrahydrochloride |
| CAS | 164301-51-3 |
| Formula | C34H56Cl4N18O2 |
| Molar Mass | 890.74 |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
| Storage | -20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light) |
| Reference | [1]. Nishimatsu H, et al. Blockade of endogenous proinflammatory cytokines ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in obese Zucker rats. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(4):737‐743. [2]. Wehner S, Set al. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as prophylaxis of postoperative ileus in mice. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(2):619‐629. [3]. Wang J, et al. Experimental Anti-Inflammatory Drug Semapimod Inhibits TLR Signaling by Targeting the TLR Chaperone gp96. J Immunol. 2016;196(12):5130‐5137. |
Semapimod tetrahydrochloride
CAS: 164301-51-3 F: C34H56Cl4N18O2 W: 890.74
Semapimod tetrahydrochloride (CNI-1493), an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production, can inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β
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