| Bioactivity | Pronethalol ((±)-Pronethalo) is a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist. Pronethalol is a potent inhibitor of Sox2 expression. Pronethalol protects against and to reverse Digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias and limits the cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs)[1][2]. | ||||||||||||
| Invitro | Pronethalol (2, 10, 20 μM) represses EGFP expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in ReNcell VM cells. Pronethalol (10 μM; 2 days) reduces Sox2 expression to less than 10% after 2 days of treatment[2]. | ||||||||||||
| In Vivo | Pronethalol (0.15 mg/g; daily; for 14 days) stabilizes endothelial differentiation, lumen formation and improves cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) in Mgp–/– mice[2]. | ||||||||||||
| Name | Pronethalol | ||||||||||||
| CAS | 54-80-8 | ||||||||||||
| Formula | C15H19NO | ||||||||||||
| Molar Mass | 229.32 | ||||||||||||
| Appearance | Solid | ||||||||||||
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. | ||||||||||||
| Storage |
|
||||||||||||
| Reference | [1]. Aroesty JM, et al. The effects of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, pronethalol, on digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Am Heart J. 1966 Apr;71(4):503-508. [2]. Jiayi Yao, et al. Elevated endothelial Sox2 causes lumen disruption and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Invest. 2019 Jun 24;129(8):3121-3133. |