| Bioactivity | Plerixafor (AMD 3100) is a selective CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 of 44 nM. Plerixafor, an immunostimulant and a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer, is an allosteric agonist of CXCR7. Plerixafor inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication with an EC50 of 1-10 nM[1][2][3][4][7]. | ||||||||||||
| Invitro | The CXCR4 inhibitor Plerixafor (AMD3100) is a potent inhibitor of CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis (IC50, 5.7 nM) with a potency slightly better than its affinity for CXCR4. Plerixafor interferes with the interaction of CXCR4 with its natural ligand, SDF-1 (CXCL12). Treating the cells with CCX771 or CXCL11 has no effect on CXCL12-mediated MOLT-4 or U937 TEM. In contrast, 10 μM Plerixafor inhibits CXCL12-mediated TEM in both cells lines[1]. Plerixafor prevents the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the tumor tissues[8]. | ||||||||||||
| In Vivo | Plerixafor (2 mg/kg) administration to UUO mice exacerbates renal interstitial T cell infiltration, resulting in increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ and decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10[5].Both perivascular and interstitial fibrosis are significantly reduced by the CXCR4 antagonist, Plerixafor (AMD3100) at 8 weeks[6]. LD50, mouse, SC: 16.3 mg/kg; LD50, rat, SC: >50 mg/kg; LD50, mouse and rat, IV injection: 5.2 mg/kg. | ||||||||||||
| Name | Plerixafor | ||||||||||||
| CAS | 110078-46-1 | ||||||||||||
| Formula | C28H54N8 | ||||||||||||
| Molar Mass | 502.78 | ||||||||||||
| Appearance | Solid | ||||||||||||
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. | ||||||||||||
| Storage |
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| Reference | [1]. Yang J, et al. Continuous AMD3100 Treatment Worsens Renal Fibrosis through Regulation of Bone Marrow Derived Pro-Angiogenic Cells Homing and T-Cell-Related Inflammation. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 22;11(2):e0149926. [2]. Seki JT, et al. Chemical Stability of Plerixafor after Opening of Single-Use Vial. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2017 Jul-Aug;70(4):270-275. [3]. Zabel BA, et al. Elucidation of CXCR7-mediated signaling events and inhibition of CXCR4-mediated tumor cell transendothelial migration by CXCR7 ligands. J Immunol. 2009 Sep 1;183(5):3204-11. [4]. De Clercq E, et al. Mozobil® (Plerixafor, AMD3100), 10 years after its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2019 Jan-Dec;27:2040206619829382. [5]. Mercurio L, et al. Targeting CXCR4 by a selective peptide antagonist modulates tumor microenvironment and microglia reactivity in a human glioblastoma model. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Mar 25;35:55. [6]. Chu PY, et al. CXCR4 Antagonism Attenuates the Development of Diabetic Cardiac Fibrosis. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 27;10(7):e0133616. [7]. Schols D, et al. HIV co-receptor inhibitors as novel class of anti-HIV drugs. Antiviral Res. 2006 Sep;71(2-3):216-26. [8]. Zheng J, et al. Toward Normalization of the Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy. Integr Cancer Ther. 2019;18:1534735419862352. |