| Bioactivity | MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a potent proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC50s of 100 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively. MG-132 effectively blocks the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome complex. MG-132, a peptide aldehyde, also is an autophagy activator. MG-132 also induces apoptosis[1][2][3]. | |||||||||
| Target | IC50: 100 nM (Proteasome), 1.2 μM (Calpain) | |||||||||
| Invitro | MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) initiates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells at a low concentration (30 nM) and is a very strong inhibitor of 20S proteasome[3].MG-132 (10 μM; 1 hour) reverses the effects of TNF- α on I κ B degradation and NF-κ B activation in A549 cells[4].MG-132 (0.75-5 μM; 24 hours) potently induces p53-dependent apoptosis in KIM-2 cells by 26S proteasome inhibition[5].MG-132 (10-40 μM; 24 hours) significantly reduces the viability of C6 glioma cells in both time- and concentration-dependent manners and shows the IC50 of 18.5 μM at 24 hours[6].MG-132 (18.5 μM; 24 hours) induces down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and XIAP and up-regulates expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3[6]. Cell Viability Assay[3] Cell Line: | |||||||||
| In Vivo | MG132 (10 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 25 days starting 5 days after EC9706 cells injection) significantly inhibits tumor growth of the EC9706 xenograft without causing toxicity to mice[7].MG-132 (1 mg/kg; i.v.; twice a week for 4 weeks) shows potent tumor inhibitory effect against mice bearing HeLa tumors[8].MG-132 (1-10 μg/kg/24 hours; subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps; for 8 days) greatly increases the expression levels of β-dystroglycan, α-dystroglycan, α-sarcoglycan, and dystrophin in skeletal muscle lysates in mice (six-month-old male C57BL/10ScSn DMD mdx mice)[9]. Animal Model: | |||||||||
| Name | MG-132 | |||||||||
| CAS | 133407-82-6 | |||||||||
| Formula | C26H41N3O5 | |||||||||
| Molar Mass | 475.62 | |||||||||
| Appearance | Solid | |||||||||
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. | |||||||||
| Storage |
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| Reference | [1]. Harhouri K, et al. MG132-induced progerin clearance is mediated by autophagy activation and splicing regulation. EMBO Mol Med. 2017 Sep;9(9):1294-1313. [2]. Fan WH, et al. Proteasome inhibitor MG-132 induces C6 glioma cell apoptosis via oxidative stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011 May;32(5):619-25. [3]. Tsubuki S, et al. Differential inhibition of calpain and proteasome activities by peptidyl aldehydes of di-leucine and tri-leucine. J Biochem. 1996 Mar;119(3):572-6. [4]. Fiedler MA, et al. Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and IL-8 release in A549 cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998 Aug;19(2):259-68. [5]. MacLaren AP, et al. p53-dependent apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition in mammary epithelial cells. Cell Death Differ. 2001 Mar;8(3):210-8. [6]. Han YH, et al. The effect of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor on HeLa cells in relation to cell growth, reactive oxygen species and GSH. Oncol Rep. 2009 Jul;22(1):215-21. [7]. Dang L, et al. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibits the proliferation and promotes the cisplatin-inducedapoptosis of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med. 2014 May;33(5):1083-8. [8]. Matsumoto Y, et al. Enhanced efficacy against cervical carcinomas through polymeric micelles physically incorporating theproteasome inhibitor MG132. Cancer Sci. 2016 Jun;107(6):773-81. [9]. Bonuccelli G, et al. Proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) treatment of mdx mice rescues the expression and membrane localization of dystrophin and dystrophin-associated proteins. Am J Pathol. 2003 Oct;163(4):1663-75. |