Loxapine succinate

CAS: 27833-64-3 F: C22H24ClN3O5 W: 445.90

Loxapine succinate is an orally active dopamine inhibitor, 5-HT receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psyc

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Bioactivity	Loxapine succinate is an orally active dopamine inhibitor, 5-HT receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent. Loxapine can also suppresses bacterial efflux pump activity and inhibit intracellular multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in macrophages[1][4][6].
Invitro	In the presence of Loxapine, [3H]ketanserin binds to 5-HT2 receptor in Frontal cortex of brain in human and bovine with Ki value of 6.2 nM and 6.6 nM, respectively. Loxapine has the rank order of potency for the various receptors appears to be as follows: 5-HT2≥D4>>>D1>D2 in comparing competition experiments involving the human membranes[1].Loxapine (0-20 μM, 24 h or 72 h) reduces IL-1β secretion by LPS-activated mixed glia cultures, reduces IL-2 secretion in mixed glia cultures, and decreases IL-1β and IL-2 secretion in LPS-induced microglia cultures[2].Loxapine (4 μM, 24 h) is active against multiple-antibiotic-resistant or Fluoroquinolone-resistant S. Typhimurium[6].Loxapine (1, 2, 4 and 8 μM) suppresses intracellular Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Y. enterocolitica and S. flexneri in RAW264.7[6].
In Vivo	Loxapine (5 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 4 or 10 weeks) decreases serotonin (S2) but does not elevate dopamine (D2) receptor numbers in the rat brain[3]. Animal Model:
Name	Loxapine succinate
CAS	27833-64-3
Formula	C22H24ClN3O5
Molar Mass	445.90
Appearance	Solid
Transport	Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage	4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Reference	[1]. Singh AN, et al. A neurochemical basis for the antipsychotic activity of loxapine: interactions with dopamine D1, D2, D4 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1996 Jan;21(1):29-35. [2]. Labuzek K, et al. Chlorpromazine and loxapine reduce interleukin-1beta and interleukin-2 release by rat mixed glial and microglial cell cultures. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Jan;15(1):23-30. [3]. Lee T, et al. Loxapine and clozapine decrease serotonin (S2) but do not elevate dopamine (D2) receptor numbers in the rat brain. Psychiatry Res. 1984 Aug;12(4):277-85. [4]. Keating GM. Loxapine inhalation powder: a review of its use in the acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2013 Jun;27(6):479-89.