| Bioactivity | Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM)[1][2][3][4]. |
| Invitro | Chloroquine (CHQ, 20 μM) inhibits IL-12p70 release and reduces Th1-priming capacity of activated human monocyte-derived Langerhans-like cells (MoLC). Chloroquine (20 μM) enhances IL-1–induced IL-23 secretion in MoLC and subsequently increases IL-17A release by primed CD4+ T cells[1]. Chloroquine (25 μM) suppresses MMP-9 mRNA expression in normoxia and hypoxia in parental MDA-MB-231 cells. Chloroquine has cell-, dose- and hypoxia-dependent effects on MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 mRNA expression[2]. TLR7 and TLR9 inhibition using IRS-954 or chloroquine significantly reduces HuH7 cell proliferation in vitro[3].Chloroquine (0.01-100 μM; 48 hours) potently blocked virus infection (vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2) at low-micromolar concentration (EC50=1.13 μM). Chloroquine blocks virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, as well as interfering with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV[4]. |
| Name | Chloroquine |
| CAS | 54-05-7 |
| Formula | C18H26ClN3 |
| Molar Mass | 319.87 |
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
| Storage | 4°C, protect from light *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light) |