| Bioactivity | Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is an ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor[1]. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMPK[2]. | ||||||||||||
| Invitro | Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β 1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. Bempedoic acid is shown to rapidly form a CoA thioester in liver, which directly inhibits ATP-citrate lyase[1]. In cells treated with Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002), increased levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation coincide with reduced activity of MAP kinases and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines[2]. | ||||||||||||
| In Vivo | A marked and sustained increase in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation is found in rat livers following two weeks of treatment with Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002). Bempedoic acid is >100-fold more prevalent than the CoA thioester in rat liver and is associated with AMPK activation[1]. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) suppresses thioglycollate-induced homing of leukocytes into mouse peritoneal cavity. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, Bempedoic acid restores adipose AMPK activity, reduces JNK phosphorylation, and diminishes expression of macrophage-specific marker 4F/80[2]. | ||||||||||||
| Name | Bempedoic acid | ||||||||||||
| CAS | 738606-46-7 | ||||||||||||
| Formula | C19H36O5 | ||||||||||||
| Molar Mass | 344.49 | ||||||||||||
| Appearance | Solid | ||||||||||||
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. | ||||||||||||
| Storage |
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| Reference | [1]. Pinkosky SL, et al. AMP-activated protein kinase and ATP-citrate lyase are two distinct molecular targets for ETC-1002, a novel small molecule regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2013 Jan;54(1):134-51. [2]. Filippov S, et al. ETC-1002 regulates immune response, leukocyte homing, and adipose tissue inflammation via LKB1-dependent activation of macrophage AMPK. J Lipid Res. 2013 Aug;54(8):2095-108. |