| Bioactivity | Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. | ||||||||||||
| Invitro | Adenosine (Adenine riboside) acts on four G-protein coupled receptors: two of them, A1 and A3, are primarily coupled to Gi family G proteins; and two of them, A2A and A2B, are mostly coupled to Gs like G proteins. These receptors are antagonized by xanthines including caffeine. Via these receptors it affects many cells and organs, usually having a cytoprotective function[2].Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is generated from its precursor molecules 5’-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 5’-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)[3].Adenosine is a common metabolite of ATP, which exhibits cytotoxic effects at high concentrations.Adenosine (1.0-4.0 mM; 12-24 hours) inhibits cell viability and triggers ER stress in HepG2 cells[4].Adenosine induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. Adenosine (2.0 mM; 12-24 hours) induces autophagy in HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cell lines, Adenosine -induced AMPK/mTOR pathway activation partially blocked ER stress and decreased apoptotic cell death[4]. | ||||||||||||
| Name | Adenosine | ||||||||||||
| CAS | 58-61-7 | ||||||||||||
| Formula | C10H13N5O4 | ||||||||||||
| Molar Mass | 267.24 | ||||||||||||
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. | ||||||||||||
| Storage |
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